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- Network Working Group Simpson
- Internet Draft Daydreamer
- expires in six months October 1992
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- The PPP Internetwork Packet Exchange Control Protocol (IPXCP)
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- Status of this Memo
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- This memo is the product of the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group
- of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Comments on this memo
- should be submitted to the ietf-ppp@ucdavis.edu mailing list.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working
- documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas,
- and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
- working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft
- documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be
- updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It
- is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to
- cite them other than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
- Please check the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the
- internet-drafts Shadow Directories on nic.ddn.mil, nnsc.nsf.net,
- nic.nordu.net, ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au to learn the
- current status of any Internet Draft.
-
- Abstract
-
- The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method of
- encapsulating Network Layer protocol information over point-to-point
- links. PPP also defines an extensible Link Control Protocol, and
- proposes a family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for
- establishing and configuring different network-layer protocols.
-
- The IPX protocol was originally used in Novell's NetWare products
- [3], and is now supported by numerous other vendors. This document
- defines the NCP for establishing and configuring the IPX protocol
- over PPP.
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- 1. Introduction
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- PPP has three main components:
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- 1. A method for encapsulating datagrams over serial links.
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- 2. A Link Control Protocol (LCP) for establishing, configuring,
- and testing the data-link connection.
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- 3. A family of Network Control Protocols (NCPs) for establishing
- and configuring different network-layer protocols.
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- In order to establish communications over a point-to-point link, each
- end of the PPP link must first send LCP packets to configure and test
- the data link. After the link has been established and optional
- facilities have been negotiated as needed by the LCP, PPP must send
- NCP packets to choose and configure one or more network-layer
- protocols. Once each of the chosen network-layer protocols has been
- configured, datagrams from each network-layer protocol can be sent
- over the link.
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- The link will remain configured for communications until explicit LCP
- or NCP packets close the link down, or until some external event
- occurs (an inactivity timer expires or network administrator
- intervention).
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- 2. A PPP Network Control Protocol (NCP) for IPX
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- The IPX Control Protocol (IPXCP) is responsible for configuring,
- enabling, and disabling the IPX protocol modules on both ends of the
- point-to-point link. IPXCP uses the same packet exchange machanism
- as the Link Control Protocol (LCP). IPXCP packets may not be
- exchanged until PPP has reached the Network-Layer Protocol phase.
- IPXCP packets received before this phase is reached should be
- silently discarded.
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- The IPX Control Protocol is exactly the same as the Link Control
- Protocol [1] with the following exceptions:
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- Frame Modifications
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- The packet may utilize any modifications to the basic frame format
- which have been negotiated during the Link Establishment phase.
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- Data Link Layer Protocol Field
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- Exactly one IPXCP packet is encapsulated in the Information field
- of a PPP Data Link Layer frame where the Protocol field indicates
- type hex 802B (IPX Control Protocol).
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- Code field
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- Only Codes 1 through 7 (Configure-Request, Configure-Ack,
- Configure-Nak, Configure-Reject, Terminate-Request, Terminate-Ack
- and Code-Reject) are used. Other Codes should be treated as
- unrecognized and should result in Code-Rejects.
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- Timeouts
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- IPXCP packets may not be exchanged until PPP has reached the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase. An implementation should be
- prepared to wait for Authentication and Link Quality Determination
- to finish before timing out waiting for a Configure-Ack or other
- response. It is suggested that an implementation give up only
- after user intervention or a configurable amount of time.
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- Configuration Option Types
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- IPXCP has a distinct set of Configuration Options, which are
- defined below.
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- 2.1. Sending IPX Datagrams
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- Before any IPX packets may be communicated, PPP must reach the
- Network-Layer Protocol phase, and the IPX Control Protocol must reach
- the Opened state.
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- Exactly one IPX packet is encapsulated in the Information field of a
- PPP Data Link Layer frame where the Protocol field indicates type hex
- 002B (IPX).
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- The maximum length of an IPX datagram transmitted over a PPP link is
- the same as the maximum length of the Information field of a PPP data
- link layer frame. Since there is no standard method for fragmenting
- and reassembling IPX datagrams, PPP links supporting IPX MUST allow
- at least 576 octets in the information field of a data link layer
- frame.
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- 2.2. IPX-WAN protocol
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- Novell has recently announced a new specification called IPX-WAN [4],
- which is intended to provide mechanisms similar to IPXCP negotiation
- over all types of wide area links. As viewed by PPP, IPX-WAN is a
- part of IPX, and IPX-WAN packets are indistinguishable from other IPX
- packets.
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- 2.3. Co-existance with IPX-WAN
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- Previous drafts of this specification have introduced a NCP with
- several configuration options, and another NCP having no
- configuration options, with some NCP functions moved to the IPX-WAN
- protocol. This version proposes the union of the previous proposals,
- with instructions for interoperating between the two environments.
- As time has progressed, Novell has improved IPX-WAN by adding the
- functional equivalent of every feature proposed in earlier drafts of
- this document.
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- Currently, Novell has implemented IPXCP without any Configuration
- Options, and requires successful IPX-WAN negotiation, even when all
- required parameters have been hand configured. This makes it
- impossible for the Novell products to interoperate with
- implementations which do not already include support for IPX-WAN.
-
- Therefore, it is the intent of this document to accomodate versions
- of IPX and IPXCP which are implemented by other vendors, and to
- provide features and functionality for those implementations which
- are not directly connected to a NetWare network. It is hoped that
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- future Novell releases will support the complete IPXCP specification.
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- If unable to negotiate some required parameter, all non-IPX-WAN-
- capable implementations MUST NOT reach Opened state. Conversely, an
- IPX-WAN-capable implementation SHOULD reach Opened state, even when
- no Configuration Options are successfully negotiated.
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- IPX-WAN uses a "Timer Request" packet to set up the link. These MUST
- NOT be sent until IPXCP has Opened the link.
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- An implementation which provides both IPX-WAN and IPXCP Configuration
- Options capability SHOULD only send a Timer Request packet when a
- Timer Request packet is received, or upon failure to successfully
- negotiate a required parameter.
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- If unable to complete IPX-WAN setup when a required parameter is
- unknown, by default IPXCP SHOULD terminate the link. However, some
- implementations (such as half routers) might be capable of operating
- without all indicated required parameters, in which case the
- termination MUST be configurable.
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- 2.4. Required Configuration Parameters
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- Where applicable, each Configuration Option indicates the environment
- where the parameter which is negotiated MAY be required by the
- implementation for proper operation. This determination is highly
- implementation dependent.
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- 3. IPXCP Configuration Options
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- IPXCP Configuration Options allow negotiation of desirable IPX
- parameters. IPXCP uses the same Configuration Option format defined for
- LCP [1], with a separate set of Options.
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- The most up-to-date values of the IPXCP Option Type field are specified
- in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2]. Current values are
- assigned as follows:
-
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- 1 IPX-Network-Number
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- 2 IPX-Node-Number
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- 3 IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- 4 IPX-Routing-Protocol
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- 5 IPX-Router-Name
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- 6 IPX-Configuration-Complete
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- 3.1. IPX-Network-Number
-
- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the IPX
- network number to be used on the local end of the link. It allows
- the sender of the Configure-Request to state which network number
- is desired, or to request that the peer provide the information.
- The peer can provide this information by NAKing the option, and
- returning a valid IPX-Network-Number.
-
- If negotiation about the remote network number is required, and
- the peer did not provide the option in its Configure-Request, the
- option SHOULD be appended to a Configure-Nak. The value of the
- IPX-Network-Number given must be acceptable as the remote IPX-
- Network-Number, or indicate a request that the peer provide the
- information.
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- By default, no IPX-Network-Number is assigned to either end. A
- network specified as zero in a Configure-Request shall be
- interpreted as requesting the remote end to specify a value via a
- Configure-Nak. A network specified as zero in a Configure-Ack
- shall be interpreted as agreement that no value exists.
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- This is a required parameter when the implementation is operating
- as a router, but not as a half-router or end-system. By default,
- this parameter SHOULD NOT be negotiated when statically
- configured, unless requested by the peer. Any IPX-WAN packets
- received MUST supercede information negotiated in this option.
-
- A summary of the IPX-Network-Number Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Network-Number
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | IPX-Network-Number (cont.) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
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- Type
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- 1
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- IPX-Network-Number
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- The four octet IPX-Network-Number is the desired local IPX network
- number of the sender of the Configure-Request. This number may be
- zero, which is interpreted as being a local network of unknown
- number that requires no routing.
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- Both ends of the link MUST have the same network number. In the
- event of conflict, the end having the highest node number wins.
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- 3.2. IPX-Node-Number
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the IPX node
- number to be used on the local end of the link. It allows the
- sender of the Configure-Request to state which node number is
- desired, or to request that the peer provide the information. The
- peer can provide this information by NAKing the option, and
- returning a valid IPX-Node-Number.
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- If negotiation about the remote node number is required, and the
- peer did not provide the option in its Configure-Request, the
- option SHOULD be appended to a Configure-Nak. The value of the
- IPX-Node-Number given must be acceptable as the remote IPX-Node-
- Number, or indicate a request that the peer provide the
- information.
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- By default, no IPX-Node-Number is assigned to either end. A node
- number specified as zero in a Configure-Request shall be
- interpreted as requesting the remote end to specify a value via a
- Configure-Nak. A node number specified as zero in a Configure-Ack
- shall be interpreted as agreement that no value exists.
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- This is a required parameter when the implementation is
- originating traffic as an end-system, but not when operating as a
- router or half-router. By default, this parameter SHOULD NOT be
- negotiated when statically configured, unless requested by the
- peer. Any IPX-WAN packets received MUST supercede information
- negotiated in this option.
-
- A summary of the IPX-Node-Number Configuration Option format is shown
- below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Node-Number
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | IPX-Node-Number (cont.) |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
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- Type
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- 2
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- Length
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- 8
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- IPX-Node-Number
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- The six octet IPX-Node-Number is the desired local IPX node number
- of the sender of the Configure-Request. The node number MUST be
- unique within the same network number.
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- 3.3. IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
- specific compression protocol. By default, compression is not
- enabled.
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- The sender of this Configuration Option indicates that it can
- receive packets with the specified compression technique. A
- Configure-Ack MAY obligate the peer to send such packets,
- depending on the protocol negotiated.
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- Information negotiated in this option MUST supercede any IPX-WAN
- packets received, since IPX-WAN packets could be affected by the
- compression technique.
-
- A summary of the IPX-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option format
- is shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Compression-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Data ...
- +-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- 3
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- Length
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- >= 4
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- IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- The IPX-Compression-Protocol field is two octets and indicates the
- compression protocol desired. Odd values for this field are
- always the same as the PPP Data Link Layer Protocol field values
- for that same compression protocol. Even values are used when the
- compression protocol is interleaved with IPX packets.
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- The most up-to-date values of the IPX-Compression-Protocol field
- are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" RFC [2].
- Current values are assigned as follows:
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- Value (in hex) Protocol
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- 0002 Telebit Compressed IPX
- 0235 Shiva Compressed NCP/IPX
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- Data
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- The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
- as determined by the particular compression protocol.
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- 3.4. IPX-Routing-Protocol
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- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to negotiate the use of a
- specific routing protocol (or no routing protocol, if desired).
- The sender of this option is specifying that it wishes to receive
- information of the specified routing protocol. Multiple protocols
- MAY be requested by sending multiple IPX-Routing-Protocol
- Configuration Options.
-
- By default, Novell's combination of Routing Information Protocol
- (RIP) and Server Advertising Protocol (SAP) is expected.
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- This is a required parameter when the implementation is operating
- as an end-system, and in that case SHOULD be negotiated even when
- statically configured. Any IPX-WAN packets received MAY add to
- information negotiated in this option.
-
- A summary of the Routing-Protocol Configuration Option format is
- shown below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Routing-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Data ...
- +-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- Length
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- >= 4
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- Routing-Protocol
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- The Routing-Protocol field is two octets and indicates the type of
- Routing-Protocol desired. This two octet quantity is sent most
- significant octet first.
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- Initial values are assigned as follows:
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- 0 No routing protocol required
- 1 RESERVED
- 2 Novell RIP/SAP required
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- Data
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- The Data field is zero or more octets and contains additional data
- as determined by the routing protocol indicated in the Routing-
- Protocol field.
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- 3.5. IPX-Router-Name
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- Description
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- This Configuration Option provides a way to convey information
- about the IPX server name.
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- The nature of this option is advisory only. It is provided as a
- means of improving the end system's ability to provide a simple
- user interface. This option MUST NOT be included in a Configure-
- Nak.
-
- A summary of the IPX-Router-Name Option format is shown below. The
- fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | Name...
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
-
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- Type
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- Length
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- >= 3
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- Name
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- This field contains the name of the IPX entity on this end of the
- link. The symbolic name should be between 1 and 47 ASCII
- characters in length, containing the characters 'A' through 'Z',
- underscore (_), hyphen (-) and "at" sign (@). The length of the
- name is bounded by the option length.
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- On reception, the name SHOULD be padded to 48 characters using the
- NUL character. Those readers familiar with NetWare 3.x servers
- will realize that this is equivalent to the file server name.
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- 3.6. IPX-Configuration-Complete
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- Description
-
- This Configuration Option provides a way to indicate that all
- implementation dependent required configuration parameters are
- satisfied. It is provided as a means of detecting when
- convergence will occur in a heterogeneous environment.
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- This option MUST be included in a Configure-Request when the
- combination of statically configured parameters and offered
- Configuration Options will result in successful configuration.
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- The nature of this option is advisory only. This option MUST NOT
- be included in a Configure-Nak.
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- Implementation Note: An implementation which does not support
- IPX-WAN can immediately detect that link setup will not be
- successful if this option is not present in the peer's
- Configure-Request, or this option is Rejected. This avoids
- timeout delays.
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- An implementation which supports IPX-WAN may improve link setup
- time by skipping IPX-WAN when this option has been Ack'd in
- both directions.
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- A summary of the IPX-Configuration-Complete Option format is shown
- below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
- 0 1
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- 4. Telebit IPX header compression
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- Telebit IPX header compression [5] reduces the size of the IPX headers
- to as few as five bytes. This can be a significant improvement on slow
- serial lines, particularly for interactive traffic.
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- The IPX-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option is used to indicate
- the ability to receive compressed packets. Each end of the link must
- separately request this option if bi-directional compression is desired.
-
- The PPP Protocol field is set to the same value as the usual IPX
- packets, and all IPX packets sent over the link MUST conform to the
- compressed format.
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- 4.1. Configuration Option Format
-
- A summary of the IPX-Compression-Protocol Configuration Option format
- to negotiate Telebit IPX header compression is shown below. The
- fields are transmitted from left to right.
-
-
- 0 1 2 3
- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Type | Length | IPX-Compression-Protocol |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
- | Max-Slot-Id | Options |
- +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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- Type
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- Length
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- 6
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- IPX-Compression-Protocol
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- 0002 (hex) for Telebit Compressed IPX headers.
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- Max-Slot-Id
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- The Max-Slot-Id field is one octet and indicates the maximum slot
- identifier. This is one less than the actual number of slots; the
- slot identifier has values from zero to Max-Slot-Id.
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- Options
-
- The Options field is one octet, and is comprised of the
- "logical or" of the following values:
-
- 0 No options.
-
- 1 The slot identifer may be compressed.
-
- The slot identifier must not be compressed if there is no
- ability for the PPP link level to indicate an error in
- reception to the decompression module. Synchronization
- after errors depends on receiving a packet with the slot
- identifier.
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- 2 A length field must be included.
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- The length field MUST be included if there is no ability for
- the PPP link level to determine the amount of padding. It
- SHOULD NOT be included when there is no padding on the link,
- or the Self-Describing-Pad Configuration Option has been
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- Security Considerations
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- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
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- References
-
- [1] Simpson, W. A., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)", RFC 1331,
- May 1992.
-
- [2] Reynolds, J.K., Postel, J.B., "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1340,
- July 1992.
-
- [3] Novell Inc., "NetWare System Interface Technical Overview",
- Novell Part Number 883-001143-001
-
- [4] Allen, M., "Novell IPX Over Various WAN Media", Novell Inc.,
- June 1992.
-
- [5] Mathu, Saroop, Lewis, Mark, "Compressing IPX Headers Over WAN
- Media (CIPX)", September 1992.
-
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- Acknowledgments
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- Some of the text in this document is taken from previous documents
- produced by the Point-to-Point Protocol Working Group of the Internet
- Engineering Task Force (IETF).
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- This document is derivative of drafts written by the following
- people. Many thanks for their work, and for taking an initial stab
- at the protocol:
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- Michael Allen (mallen@novell.com)
- Dave McCool (dave@shiva.com)
- Robert D Vincent (bert@shiva.com)
- Marty Del Vecchio (marty@shiva.com)
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- Chair's Address
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- The working group can be contacted via the current chair:
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- Brian Lloyd
- Lloyd & Associates
- 3420 Sudbury Road
- Cameron Park, California 95682
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 18]
- DRAFT PPP IPXCP October 1992
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- Phone: (916) 676-1147
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- EMail: brian@lloyd.com
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- Author's Address
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- Questions about this memo can also be directed to:
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- William Allen Simpson
- Daydreamer
- Computer Systems Consulting Services
- P O Box 6205
- East Lansing, MI 48826-6205
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- EMail: Bill.Simpson@um.cc.umich.edu
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- Simpson expires in six months [Page 19]
- DRAFT PPP IPXCP October 1992
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- Table of Contents
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- 1. Introduction .......................................... 1
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- 2. A PPP Network Control Protocol (NCP) for IPX .......... 2
- 2.1 Sending IPX Datagrams ........................... 3
- 2.2 IPX-WAN protocol ................................ 3
- 2.3 Co-existance with IPX-WAN ....................... 3
- 2.4 Required Configuration Parameters ............... 4
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- 3. IPXCP Configuration Options ........................... 5
- 3.1 IPX-Network-Number .............................. 6
- 3.2 IPX-Node-Number ................................. 8
- 3.3 IPX-Compression-Protocol ........................ 10
- 3.4 IPX-Routing-Protocol ............................ 12
- 3.5 IPX-Router-Name ................................. 14
- 3.6 IPX-Configuration-Complete ...................... 15
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- 4. Telebit IPX header compression ........................ 16
- 4.1 Configuration Option Format ..................... 16
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- SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS ................................... 18
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- REFERENCES ................................................... 18
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- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................. 18
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- CHAIR'S ADDRESS .............................................. 18
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- AUTHOR'S ADDRESS ............................................. 19
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